PREPOSITION (KATADEPAN)

Preposition (kata dpan) adalah suatu kata yang digunakan sebelum kata benda. Kata depan ini termasuk kat-kata yang dikecualikan (Exceptional words), maksudnya bila kat-kat ini digunakan dengan kata kerja maka kata kerjanya harus dalam bentuk “Ing” atau dalam bentuk “Gerund” dan arti kata kerjanya tidak berubah dan apabila kata-kata ini diikuti subjek maka setelah subjek harus diikuti verb (kata kerja bentuk 1) bukan “Gerund”

With                = Dengan

In                     = Di dalam

About              = Tentang

From                = Dari

After               = Setelah

Before             = Sebelum

Without           = Tanpa

Because of      = Disebabkan

While               = Sewaktu

By                   = Melalui / Dengan cara

For                   = Untuk / atas

Example:

• I shall go home after learning English

      I shall go home after I learn English

• While learning, I don’t want to play

While I learn, I don’t want to play

• I don’t want  play while praying

I don’t want to play while I pray

• Without studying, we can’t read well
• We need more drills in pronouncing English

a.       Place (In, on, at)

Remember that in, on, and at have similar meanings, but they are used with different kinds of places. In general, in used before large places, on is used before middle – size places, and at is used before numbers in addresses. Finally, in is used again before very small places.

            IN Country      ON Street                  AT Number                IN A corner

     State                    Street corner                                           (of a room)

                 Province              Coast                                                      a room

                 County                River                                                      a building

                 City                                 A ship                                                     a park

                                             A train                                                    a car

                                             A plane                                                   a boat

      Example:

·         We live in the United States in North Carolina in Jacksonville

·         Is Domino’s pizza on Tenth Street?

·         We are going to stay overnight in Chicago

b.      Time (in, on, at)

Remember that in, on, at have similar meanings, but they are used with different times. In general, in is used before large units of time, on is used before middle- sized units of time, and at is used before numbers in clock time. Idiomatic phrases such ass in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night, at noon, must be learned in individually like vocabulary, avoid using in before days and dates.

In Year                        On Day                                   At Time

     Month                          Date

     

Example:

·         Lily was born in 1919 in December on Sunday at 7.00

·         I would rather take classes in the afternoon

·         The graduation is on May 20

·         The rainy season begins in July

·         Gloria has a part time job at night

·         We came to the United States in 1987

PREFERENCE (KESUKAAN)

There are some forms of preference, they are:

1. ………(S)…… like……Ving/Noun……… better than………Ving/Noun……

Example: I like coffee better than milk

2. ………(S)…...prefer……Ving/Noun……to………Ving/Noun……

Example: I prefer milk to tea

3. ………(S)…..prefer to (V1)…………….rather than (V1)……………

Example: I prefer to drink milk rather than drink tea.

4. ……(S)…….prefer (V ing)………….to (V ing)……………

Example: I prefer drinking milk to drinking tea

5. ………(S)……would prefer to (V1)………...rather than (V1)…………..

Example: I would prefer to drink milk rather than drink tea.

6. ……(S)……would rather (V1)…………..than (V1)………….

Example: I would rather than drink milk than drink tea.

PREFERENCE (WOULD RATHER)

a)      WOULD RATHER

Remember that the phrase would rather is similar to a modal. Although would rather appears to be a past, it express preference in present and future time, and avoid using an infinitive or an ing form instead of a verb word (verb base)

Pattern:

S + Would Rather + Verb Base                                   (kata kerja dasar)

     

Example:

·         I would rather drive

·         If you don’t mind, I would rather not go

·         Greg would rather have a Pepsi than a beer

·         She told me that she would rather serve on the Committee

b)     PREFERENCE for another (WOULD RATHER THAT)

Remember that when the preference is for another person or thing, would rather that introduce a clause. The other person or thing is the subject of the clause. Although the verb is past tense, the preference is for present or future time. Avoid using should and a verb word instead of a past verb. Avoid using don’t or doesn’t instead of didn’t.

Pattern:

S1 + Would Rather + That + S2 + V2 S1 + Would Rather + That + S2 + Didn’t + V1

     Example:

·         I would rather that you didn’t do that

·         Diane would rather that her husband didn’t work so hard

·         We would rather that you came tomorrow

·         The dean would rather that students made appointments instead of dropping by.

I.                  PARTS OF SPEECH

ADJECTIVES ( KATA SIFAT )

Beautiful/Pretty: Cantik                         Handsome              : Tampan

Ugly                  : Jelek                            Fat                          : Gemuk

Thin/Skinny       : Kurus                          Sad                         : Sedih

Happy               : Bahagia                       Tired/Exhausted    : Capek

Crazy                 : Gila                             Lazy                       : Malas

Late                   : Telat                            Diligent                  : Rajin

Clever/Smart     : Pintar                          Stupid                    : Bodoh

Sophisticated    : Canggih                      Angry                     : Marah

Hungry              : Lapar                           Thirsty                    : Haus

VERB	NOUN	ADJECTIVE	ADVERB
Quality Use Succeed Submit Advise Consider Economize Hurry Suspect Determine Think Like Produce Permit appreciate	Qualifier Usefulness/usage Success Submission Advice Consideration Economic Hurry Suspicion Determination Thought Like Production Permission appreciation	Quality Useless Successful Submissive Advisable Considerable Economical Hurried Suspicious Determinate Thoughtfull Likely Productive Permissible appreciated	Qualified usefully successfully submitsively advisedly considerably economically hurriedly suspiciously determinately thoughtfully likely productively permissively appreciatively

VERB	NOUN (PERSON)	NOUN (THING)	ADJECTIVE	ADVERB
Apply Compete Criticize Decide Economize Finalize Interpret Maintain Manage Mechanize Nationalize Negotiate Politicise Produce Prosper Repeat Simplify Theorize	Applicant Competitor Critic Economist Finalist Interpreter Maintainer Manager Mechanic Nationalist Negotiator Politician Producer Repeater Theorist	Application Competition Criticism Decision Economy Finale Interpretation Maintenance Management Mechanism Nationalism Negotiation Politic Production Prosperity Repetition Simplification Theory	Applicative Competitive Critical Decisive Economical Final Interpretative Maintainable Managerial Mechanical National Negotiable Productive Prosperous Repetitious Simple Theoretical	Competitively Critically Decisively Economically Finally Mechanically Nationality Prosperously Repetitiously Simply Theoretically

I.                  DIRECTION VOCABULARIES

Go straight        : Jalan lurus                   Turn left                 : Belok kiri

Turn right          : Belok kanan                U-Turn                   : Belokan

Bumping road   : Jalan tidak rata            Winding road       : Jalan berkelok2

Up hill               : Tanjakan                     Down Hill              : Turunan

T-Junction         : Pertigaan                     Crossroad               : Perempatan

Alley                 : Gang kecil                   Bridge                    : Jembatan

Traffic light       : Lampu lalu lintas        Traffic jam             : Kemacetan

Cross                 : Menyeberang              Stop                       : Berhenti

Street/Road       : Jalan                             Twist                     : Tikungan tajam   
Bend to the left : tikungan ke kiri            Bend to the right   : Tikungan ke kanan                   

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