Pengertian, Penggunaan, Fungsi Gerund dan Contohnya

A. Pengertian Gerund.Sebelum membahas fungsi Gerund, mari kita definisikan dulu apa itu Gerund. Gerund adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek, objek dan pelengkap (complement) dalam kalimat, juga di belakang sebuah preposisi. Bentuk gerund biasanya disebutverb+ing. Mungkin istilah itulah yang biasa kita kenal selama ini mengenai gerund. Singkatnya, Gerund adalah kata benda yang dibentuk dari kata kerja (verb) + ing.

B. Fungsi Gerund.

Sebagaimana dijelaskan di atas, bahwa Gerund dapat berfungsi subjek, objek maupun pelengkap.

1. Sebagai Subjek.
   Contoh:
   – Swimming is a good sport.
   – Working a whole day makes me tired.
2. Sebagai Objek Kalimat.
   Contoh:
   – I dislike Cheating.
   – I like Reading
3. Sebagai Pelengkap (Complement).
   Contoh:
   – The most activity I hate is sleeping.
   – My hobby is fishing.

C. Penggunaan Gerund.

Beberapa kata, seperti adjectives (kata sifat), preposition (kata depan) dan verbs (kata kerja) harus diikuti oleh bentuk Verb-ing (gerund).

1. Penggunaan Gerund setelah adjectives (dengan preposition)
   Adjectives + preposition berikut harus diikuti dengan bentuk -ING:
   Afraid of, angry about/at, clever at, interested in, proud of, crazy about, disappointed about, excitedabout, famous for, fond of, sorry about, worried about.
   Contoh:
   – He’s afraid of going by plane.
   – I am interested in visiting the museum.
   – The girl is crazy about playing tennis.
   – I’m worried about making mistakes.
2. Penggunaan Gerund setelah Preposisi.
   Preposisi-preposisi berikut ini harus diikuti oleh gerund :
   About, of, from, about, after, apart from, before, by, in, instead of, on, without.
   Contoh:
   – Before going to bed he turned off the lights.
   – She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.
   – We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.
   – He told the joke without laughing.
3. Penggunaan Gerund setelah Verbs (kata kerja).
   Kata kerja berikut ini harus diikuti oleh gerund:
   Admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, suggest, understand, miss, reject, consider, prefer, delay, deny, dislike/like, enjoy, fond, resist, continue, imagine, permit, practice.
   Contoh:
   – He admitted having driven too fast.
   – Ralph is considering buying a new house.
   – I delayed telling Max the news.
   – They miss playing with their friends.

VERBS THAT REQUIRE AN INFINITIVE IN THE COMPLEMENT

Remember that the following verbs require an infinitive for a verb in the complement.

            Agree              Decide             Hesitate           Need               Refuse

            Appear                        Demand          Hope               Offer               Seem

            Arrange           Deserve           Intend             Plan                 Tend

Ask                  Expect             Learn               Prepare            Threaten

Claim               Fail                  Manage           Pretend            Wait

Consent           Forget              Mean               Promise           Want

Example:

• We had planned to leave the day before yesterday
• He wanted to speak with Mr.  Brown
• WE demand to know our status
• The weather tends to improve in May

VERBS THAT REQUIRE AN –ING FORM IN THE COMPLEMENT

Remember that the following verbs require an –ing form for a verb in the complement

            Admit              Consider          Finish              Practice           Risk

Appreciate       Delay               Keep                Quit                 Stop

Avoid              Deny               Mention           Recall              Suggest

Complete         Discuss            Miss                 Recommend    Tolerate

Consider          Enjoy               Postpone         Regret             Understand

Example:

• He enjoys traveling by plane
• She is considering not going
• I miss watching the news when I am traveling
• She mentions stopping at EL Paso in her letter

VERB PHRASES THAT REQUIRE AN –ING FORM IN THE COMPLEMENT

Remember that the following verbs phrases require an –ing form for a verb in the complement.

Approve of                  Do not mind    Keep on                       Think of

Be better off               Forget about    Look forward to

Can’t help                   Get through     Object to

Count on                     in sist on          Think about

Example:

• She forget about canceling her appointment
• Let’s go to the movie when you get through studying
• I have been looking forward to meeting you
• We wouldn’t mind waiting

HOW TO USE “WHO” QUESTION

Note: “Who” adalah kata tanya yang menanyakan siapa.

 “Who” disini digunakan sebagai pengganti subject

Who + Auxilary verb + S + P + O?

Example:         Who are you?

            Who works in that office?

            Who will you invite in party tomorrow?

            Who will make you happy?

INTERROGATIVE WORDS (KATA TANYA)

Note: Apabila kita memekai kata-kata pertanyaan (interrogative word) dibawah ini, harus didepan       kalimat sebelum kata kerja Bantu (Auxilary Verb)

When = Apabila / kapan                  How = Bagaimana

Where = Dimana / kamana              Who = Siapa (Subject)

Why = Mengapa                              Whom = Siapa (Object)

What = Apa, berapa                        Whose = Milik siapa

Which = yang mana

Interrogative words + Auxilary verbs + S + P + …….?

Example:         When will you be back?

         Where is she going?

         Why does he want to eat?

         What is the correct verb?

         Which shoes do you like?

         How do you read it?

         Who will make you happy?

         Whom do they help?

         Whose book is this?

Note: Who (digunakan sebagai pengganti subject)

 Whom (digunakan sebagai pengganti object)

v   Untuk “WHAT”, “WHICH”, dan “WHOSE” subject dapat ditempatkan didepan kata kerja Bantu (Auxilary Verb)

Example:         What book do you read?

                        Which book do you buy?

                        Whose car is that?